LaTeX/Structured document and document structure - Historique des versions

Nicolas Brouard : /* Top Matter */ xetex by default

2011-05-30T10:12:31Z

‎Top Matter : xetex by default

Nicolas Brouard : /* Top Matter */

2011-05-28T10:21:46Z

‎Top Matter

Nicolas Brouard : /* Structured document */ Improvements

2011-05-28T10:09:02Z

‎Structured document : Improvements

Nicolas Brouard : /* Preamble */

2011-05-12T22:22:56Z

‎Preamble

Nicolas Brouard : /* Table of contents */

2011-04-20T14:38:20Z

‎Table of contents

Nicolas Brouard : /* Sectioning Commands */ Beamer option in section environment

2011-04-20T13:26:40Z

‎Sectioning Commands : Beamer option in section environment

Nicolas Brouard : /* Table of contents */

2011-04-20T12:31:05Z

‎Table of contents

Nicolas Brouard : Table of contents

2011-04-20T12:30:10Z

Table of contents

Nicolas Brouard le 20 avril 2011 à 12:20

2011-04-20T12:20:23Z

Nicolas Brouard le 15 avril 2011 à 13:52

2011-04-15T13:52:17Z

@@ Ligne 111 : / Ligne 111 : @@
 Many scientific publishers are proposing their own style for a specific review but the AMS article class {{LaTeX/Package|amsart}} ([http://www.springerlink.com/content/v021433762012757/fulltext.pdf AMS art on Springerlink]) might be used instead of the old {{LaTeX/Package|article}} style:
 <source lang="latex">
 \documentclass{amsart}
-\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
+%\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
 \begin{document}

@@ Ligne 77 : / Ligne 77 : @@
 <source lang="latex">
 \documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{mathptmx}
+\usepackage{mathptmx} % This if you want Times Roman fonts.
-\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} %for pdftex engine, % \usepackage[xltxtra] for xetex engine
 \begin{document}

@@ Ligne 5 : / Ligne 5 : @@
 LaTeX is based on the idea that authors should be able to focus on the content of what they are writing without being distracted by its visual presentation. In preparing a LaTeX document, the author specifies the logical structure using familiar concepts such as chapter, section, table, figure, etc., and lets the LaTeX system worry about the presentation of these structures. It therefore encourages the separation of layout from content while still allowing manual typesetting adjustments where needed. The main disadvantage of manual typesetting is that it requires to remember these not always so familiar LaTeX codes! Even with the aid of improved text editors, with help menus and clickable icons, LaTeX will still belong to the "Remember and type" category of software far from the "What you see is what you get" (WYSIWYG) softwares like MS Word.
-A structured document means that its content belong to the author, not to the publisher. An author must decide when a text has to be split into paragraphs or not and if the paragraphs belong to a subsection or a section, and if this section has be in front or after another section, but he hasn't to decide if sections will be numbered A, B, C or 1, 2, 3 or even I, II, III. This decision belongs to the publisher which will decide according to the layout of the series where the text will be published.
+A structured document helps you to distinguish what belongs to the author from what is publisher's job. But in order to verify the quality of your work, a standard but beautiful layout is applied. The notion of ''style'' is currently well known by students; it wasn't in the mid 80's.
-The confusion is even more problematic with maths. If you write with Word:
+An author must decide when a text has to be split into paragraphs or not and if the paragraphs belong to a subsection or a section, and if this section has be in front or after another section, but he hasn't to decide if sections will be numbered A, B, C or 1, 2, 3 or even I, II, III. This decision belongs to the publisher which will decide according to the layout of the series where the text will be published.
 <math>\text{For all } x:  \qquad\qquad f(x) = g(x) +1 \qquad (1)</math>
@@ Ligne 17 : / Ligne 19 : @@
 <center><math>f(x) = g(x) +1 \qquad (1)</math></center>
-The former ambiguous layout is almost impossible to be done with LaTeX (you need special TeX macros).
+The former ambiguous layout is almost impossible to be done with LaTeX (you need special TeX macros). LaTeX prevents authors from such ambiguity.
-You are therefore encouraged to use the most basic layout when writing a text. When time to publish has come, you are encouraged to use the layout or style provided by your publisher or your university. Then, just a few things will be changed, depending how far from its final layout the document is required by the publisher.
+You are therefore encouraged to use the most basic layout when writing a text. When time to publish has come, you are supposed to use the layout or style provided by your publisher or your university. Then, just a few lines will be changed, depending how far from its final layout the document is required by the publisher.
 = LaTeX Document structure=

@@ Ligne 64 : / Ligne 64 : @@
 The first line is a comment (as denoted by the % sign). The <code>\documentclass</code> command takes an argument, which in this case is article, because that's the type of document we want to produce. It is also possible to create your own, as is often done by journal publishers, who simply provide you with their own class file, which tells LaTeX how to format your content. But we'll be happy with the standard article class for now. <code>\usepackage</code> is an important command that tells LaTeX to utilize some external macros. In this instance, we specified <code>mathptmx</code> which means LaTeX will use the Postscript Times type 1 font instead of the default ComputerModern font.
-The code <code>\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}</code> means that your input file is using [[Wikipedia:fr:Unicode|Unicode]] characters. This is mandatory if your use accented characters or non roman characters.
+The code <code>\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}</code> means that your input file is using [[Wikipedia:fr:Unicode|Unicode]] characters. This is mandatory if your use accented characters or non roman characters and if your TeX engine is <tt>pdflatex</tt>. If your TeX engine is XeTeX, unicode is used by default <code>\usepackage{xltxtra}</code> and if your Tex engine is LuaTeX <code>\usepackage{fontspec}</code>.
 And finally, the <code>\begin{document}</code>. This strictly isn't part of the preamble, but I'll put it here anyway, as it implies the end of the preamble by nature of stating that the document is now starting.

@@ Ligne 262 : / Ligne 262 : @@
 <source lang="latex" enclose="none">
-\documentclass{beamer}
+\documentclass[table]{beamer}
 %\documentclass[notes]{beamer}
 % Class options include: notes, handout, trans
 % Theme for beamer presentation.
 \usepackage{beamerthemesplit}
 % Other themes include: beamerthemebars, beamerthemelined,beamerthemetree, beamerthemeplain
 \title[Beamer Presentations]{A Sample Presentation using the Beamer Class}
@@ Ligne 277 : / Ligne 274 : @@
 \author[L. Numbers]{Lucas Numbers}                 % Enter your name between curly braces
 \institute[Michael Boyd]{Michael Boyd College}      % Enter your institute name between curly braces
-\date{\today}      % Enter the date or \today between curly braces
+\date{April 2010}      % Enter the date or \today between curly braces
-\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{graphicx}  % If you want to insert a graphic
 \begin{document}
@@ Ligne 296 : / Ligne 293 : @@
-\section{Itemized lists}
+\section[Itemized list $f(x)=x^{-2}$]{Itemized lists rather long section title}
 \subsection{Basic list environment}
 \begin{frame}
@@ Ligne 331 : / Ligne 328 : @@
    \item<2-> Point 2
    \item<3-> Point 3
-   \item<3-> Point 4
+   \item<3-> Point 4  is table
    \item<5-> Point 5
    \item<4-> Point 6
@@ Ligne 340 : / Ligne 344 : @@
 \section{Slide with two columns}
+ \begin{frame}
 \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Items and a graphic}   % Insert frame title between curly braces
    \begin{columns}[c]
@@ Ligne 347 : / Ligne 350 : @@
    \begin{enumerate}
-  \item<1-> First item
+ \item<1-> First item
    \item<2-> Second item
    \item<3-> ...
-  \end{enumerate}
+ \end{enumerate}
-  \column{2in}
+ \column{2in}
+ \framebox{Insert graphic here}
-%\framebox{Insert graphic here}
    \end{columns}
@@ Ligne 362 : / Ligne 364 : @@
 \end{document}
 </source>

@@ Ligne 253 : / Ligne 253 : @@
 turnover at divisional headquarters}
 </source>
 ==== Table of contents ====

@@ Ligne 255 : / Ligne 255 : @@
 ==== Table of contents ====
-If a table of content is an important summary in reports or books, it is not used in scientific article. But for a presentation, it might be useful for the audience to keep track of your speech. Therefore the command <tt>\tableofcontents</tt> has to be included where you want it. And thus, you will include it in a frame.
+If a table of content is an important summary in reports or books, it is not used in a scientific article. But for a presentation, it might be useful for the audience to keep track of your speech. Therefore the command <tt>\tableofcontents</tt> has to be included where you want it. And thus, you will include it in a frame.
 Here is a simple Beamer presentation that you can compile and preview.
@@ Ligne 361 : / Ligne 361 : @@
 \end{document}
 </source>
 ==== Section numbering ====

@@ Ligne 1 : / Ligne 1 : @@
 <noinclude>{{LaTeX/Top}}</noinclude>
-* A structured document or structured text is a text where its layout is disconnected from its content.
+LaTeX is based on the idea that authors should be able to focus on the content of what they are writing without being distracted by its visual presentation. In preparing a LaTeX document, the author specifies the logical structure using familiar concepts such as chapter, section, table, figure, etc., and lets the LaTeX system worry about the presentation of these structures. It therefore encourages the separation of layout from content while still allowing manual typesetting adjustments where needed. The main disadvantage of manual typesetting is that it requires to remember these not always so familiar LaTeX codes! Even with the aid of improved text editors, with help menus and clickable icons, LaTeX will still belong to the "Remember and type" category of software far from the "What you see is what you get" (WYSIWYG) softwares like MS Word.
-:LaTeX is based on the idea that authors should be able to focus on the content of what they are writing without being distracted by its visual presentation. In preparing a LaTeX document, the author specifies the logical structure using familiar concepts such as chapter, section, table, figure, etc., and lets the LaTeX system worry about the presentation of these structures. It therefore encourages the separation of layout from content while still allowing manual typesetting adjustments where needed. The main disadvantage of manual typesetting is that it requires to remember these not always so familiar LaTeX codes! Even with the aid of improved text editors, with help menus and clickable icons, LaTeX will still belong to the "Remember and type" category of software far from the "What you see is what you get" (WYSIWYG) softwares like MS Word.
+A structured document means that its content belong to the author, not to the publisher. An author must decide when a text has to be split into paragraphs or not and if the paragraphs belong to a subsection or a section, and if this section has be in front or after another section, but he hasn't to decide if sections will be numbered A, B, C or 1, 2, 3 or even I, II, III. This decision belongs to the publisher which will decide according to the layout of the series where the text will be published.
-:A structured document means that its content belong to the author, not to the publisher. An author must decide when a text has to be split into paragraphs or not and if the paragraphs belong to a subsection or a section, and if this section has be in front or after another section, but he hasn't to decide if sections will be numbered A, B, C or 1, 2, 3 or even I, II, III. This decision belongs to the publisher which will decide according to the layout of the series where the text will be published.
+The confusion is even more problematic with maths. If you write with Word:
-:The confusion is even more problematic with maths. If you write with Word:
+<math>\text{For all } x:  \qquad\qquad f(x) = g(x) +1 \qquad (1)</math>
-:<math>\text{For all } x:  \qquad\qquad f(x) = g(x) +1 \qquad (1)</math>
+Such a structure is very ambiguous. Does it mean:
-:Such a structure is very ambiguous. Does it mean:
+<center><math>\,\qquad\qquad\text{For all } x: f(x) = g(x) +1 \qquad (1)</math></center>
-:<center><math>\,\qquad\qquad\text{For all } x: f(x) = g(x) +1 \qquad (1)</math></center>
+The former ambiguous layout is almost impossible to be done with LaTeX (you need special TeX macros).
-:i.e for all ''x'' such that... or does it mean that for all ''x'':
-:<center><math>f(x) = g(x) +1 \qquad (1)</math></center>
-:The former ambiguous layout is almost impossible to be done with LaTeX (you need special TeX macros).
+You are therefore encouraged to use the most basic layout when writing a text. When time to publish has come, you are encouraged to use the layout or style provided by your publisher or your university. Then, just a few things will be changed, depending how far from its final layout the document is required by the publisher.
-:You are therefore encouraged to use the most basic layout when writing a text. When time to publish has come, you are encouraged to use the layout or style provided by your publisher or your university. Then, just a few things will be changed, depending how far from its final layout the document is required by the publisher.
+= LaTeX Document structure=
-* Therefore a structured document need a structure and the layout of the structure is easily recognized once you know a little bit of LaTeX codes. If the code is nicely indented, it will help understand your source code and its different parts. A LaTeX document has always the same structure which is presented on this page.
+Therefore a structured document need a structure and the layout of the structure is easily recognized once you know a little bit of LaTeX codes. If the code is nicely indented, it will help understand your source code and its different parts. A LaTeX document has always the same structure which is presented on this page.